What principle allows patients to participate in end-of-life decisions?

The principle that allows patients to participate in end-of-life decisions is autonomy. Autonomy emphasizes the right of individuals to make informed choices about their own life and healthcare based on their values, beliefs, and preferences. This principle acknowledges that patients have the capacity to understand their medical condition and the implications of their choices, which is especially critical at the end of life when patients may wish to express their wishes regarding treatment options, the withholding of treatment, or palliative care measures.

In the context of end-of-life decision-making, respecting a patient's autonomy means healthcare professionals must provide comprehensive information about the patient's condition and potential outcomes, ensuring that patients can make choices that align with their personal wishes and values. This respect for personal autonomy contrasts with other ethical principles like beneficence, which focuses on promoting the patient's well-being, and justice, which deals with fairness in the distribution of resources and treatment. Compassion can also play a role in the conversation but is not the core principle that facilitates patient participation in decision-making.