Which item is NOT considered a controlled substance?

Ibuprofen is not considered a controlled substance because it is an over-the-counter medication used primarily as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for pain relief, inflammation reduction, and fever control. Unlike controlled substances, which have restrictions due to their potential for abuse and the effects they can have on the central nervous system, ibuprofen is widely available to consumers without a prescription.

In contrast, oxycodone, alprazolam, and codeine are classified as controlled substances. Oxycodone is an opioid pain medication, alprazolam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and panic disorders, and codeine is an opioid often prescribed for pain and cough suppression. All these substances have a higher potential for abuse and can lead to dependence, necessitating stricter regulation and oversight. Thus, ibuprofen stands out as the medication that is not subject to such controls, reaffirming its status as a non-controlled substance.